460 FRUITS REPLACED BY OFFSHOOTS. fig. 343'). Those which ripen fruit, on the other hand, form no offshoots, or only very few. In the Coral-root (Dentaria bulbifera, see figs. 3441' ''¦• ^' *¦ ^') a similar state of affairs prevails. Pollination is accomplished only by insect-agency, and where insects fail no fruits are ripened. The plant grows sometimes near the sunny border of young Beech-plantations where insects are plentiful, and also in the forest of older growth in whose dusky glades bees and flies, humble-bees and butterflies are rarely met with. Those which grow in the better lighted, younger Fig. 343.—Flowers and fruits replaced by tubers and bud-like offshoots. > Gagea Persica. 2 Lycopodium Selago. s Ranunculus Ficaria. t Bud-like offshoot from the leaf-axil of Gagea Persica. 5 Bud-like offshoot ot Lycopodium Selago. e Tuber-like offshoot of Ranunculus Ficaria. \ X s nat. size; *. s, 6 enlarged. portion of the wood ripen their cruciferous capsules, but the others, in the deep gloom, are free of insects and blossom in vain. Their ovaries for the most part abort and faU away, and only occasionally do their fruits come to maturity (cf. fig. 3442). But in proportion as fruit-production is arrested, vegetative propagation by bulbils is promoted; large bulb-like buds are formed in the leaf-axils, which disarticulate as summer advances and the shoot begins to fade; they are detached by the wind as it sways the stems, and falling on the moist fioor of the forest take root (fig 344*) and give rise to subterranean rhizomes (fig. 344«). Some plants